Tuesday, December 24, 2019

The United States Army Is One Of The Oldest American...

The United States Army is one of the oldest American institutions that has been around longer than the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. The Army has many accomplishments throughout its time to include ending slavery and winning two world wars. The uniform of the army represents many things to the soldiers who serve, the families that support the soldiers, and the American citizens. The soldiers that are serving wear the uniform knowing that there will be hardships that they must overcome in their career. The Army families also have to endure the timely separations from their loved ones, not knowing if they will come home. The American citizens view soldiers as a form of pride and love for the country they swore to†¦show more content†¦Landpower is defined as the ability to gain, sustain, and exploit control over land, resources, and people. The United States Army is so successful because they insert troops into the conflicting nations and don’t p ull them out until they decide that the nation is stable and able to operate on its own. The roles of the Army are prevent, shape, and win. The Army prevents conflict in a nation by having a force that is trustworthy and made up of combat ready forces that can act swiftly when the time comes. The Army also has to stand ready to help defend other nation’s forces if they were to come in conflict at any time. The Army also has to shape the partnering nations by helping to train them so they can defend themselves. The last role is to win, and do so successfully against any opposing force. This can sometimes be the most difficult because it is face to face with the opponents and uses lethal means. The Army mission comes from the congress and laws governing the Armed Forces. The Army is a part of the Armed Forces as well as a profession. Not only does the Army carry out the missions given to them by the Commander in Chief but everyone has a job they have to do in order for the rest of the mission to flow smoothly. The Army relies on trust between soldiers and also the trust between soldiers and their leaders. The mission cannot be completed if there is not trust between everyone working together as a team. Other forms of trust include that betweenShow MoreRelatedRole of the National Guard2150 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract The National Guard is one of the oldest American institutions, and predates the War of Independence. Substantiated by the Constitution, the National Guard remains a viable military force that provides both domestic and international support for the standing armed forces. One of the capacities that the National Guard has recently served as happens to be within the realm of post-conflict stabilization. Although its role in the nation-building process is controversial, the National Guard isRead MoreThe Life Of President James Monroe1323 Words   |  6 PagesPresident James Monroe Research Paper In this essay I will be discussing the life of President James Monroe. We will talk about his life at home, where he grew up, what he did in the Revolutionary War, and his time as president of the United States of America. First we will talk about James parents. James parents were pretty good parents and kind people. His parents names were Spence and Elizabeth Monroe (biography.com). James was their first child. Spence family emigrated from Scotland in the midRead More The Army Essay499 Words   |  2 Pages There are many job oppurtunitiesin the army. Anyone one can join and be anything he wants. In the army everyone has the chance to travel the world. The army has certain benefits and requirements. All of them will be explained. The army is the oldest of the armed services and is responsible for land operations. The army has to be prepared to use any action to overcome any enemy that threatens the U.S. and the nations intrest. The army helps train the military forces of some friendly nations andRead Morestonewall Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Let us cross over the river, and rest under the shade of the trees† (McGuire, pp. 162-63). These peaceful words were the last of the most charismatic Confederate general of the American Civil War, Thomas â€Å"Stonewall† Jackson. Stonewall’s work ethic, morals, and military prowess earned him the grand recognition he received during the Civil War, and a brief look into his life sheds light upon how Stonewall rose above numerous other outstanding Civil War generals to become â€Å"The Man, The Soldier,Read MoreA Study On Norwich University Essay1087 Words   |  5 Pagescollege located in Vermont. This private university is the oldest mi litary college in the country. The university was founded in the early 1800’s and was followed by only five other military colleges. The Department of Defense recognizes Norwich University as the birthplace of the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC). Norwich University creates a supportive learning environment by maintaining an average student-faculty ratio of one to 12. The Academic Achievement Center employs professionalsRead MoreThe Legacy Of Ronald Wilson Reagan1247 Words   |  5 PagesIrish background, while his mother was a Scottish and English mix. Reagan had only one sibling, his brother, Neil Reagan. He attended a high school nearby what he considers his hometown, Dixon. At Dixon high school, he served as student body president and participated in football,basketball, track, and school plays. After graduating from Dixon High, he proceeded to attend Eureka College, a small liberal arts institution and majored in economics and sociology. While he attended college, he eventuallyRead MoreTae Guk Gi Cultural Analysis2199 Words   |  9 PagesJin-tae and his mother are tough workers, who sacrifice themselves to send Jin-seok to the university. When North Korea invades the South, the family escapes to a relatives house in t he country, but along their journey, Jin-seok is forced to join the army to fight in the front, and Jin-tae enlists too to protect his young brother. The commander promises Jin-tae that if he gets a medal he would release his brother, and Jin-tae becomes the braver soldier in the company. Along the bloody war between brothersRead MorePreceding Studies Have Identified Role Stress As Being1415 Words   |  6 Pages El-Zeiny, Adeyemo, 2014). The workload of the nurse faculty profession has proven to be one of the highest in stress content levels, by way of the various strains and discontents that lead to burnout amongst nurse faculty (Baker, Fitzpatrick, Griffin, 2011; Roughton, 2013; Yedidia, Chou, Brownlee, Flynn, Tanner, 2014). Preceding efforts in the arena of the administrative department provides only one basis to organizational commitment elements that influence multigenerational nurse facultyRead MoreThe Events That Changed Latin America2205 Words   |  9 PagesThe Event that Changed Latin America The Latin American countries have been subject to many changes ever since the American continent was discovered. These changes have mainly affected the economy, culture and power changes these countries have suffered throughout the years. According to Jon Charles Chasteen on his book â€Å"Born in Blood Fire† During the twentieth century, there were three main events that changed the course of Latin American countries and their economies. These three events wereRead MorePrison Gangs2927 Words   |  12 Pageswell-organized groups could still pose significant threats to the security and orderly running of an institution. Many of these smaller groups occupy the fringes of various conceptual and organizational frameworks, most notable ethnic, religious, or social organizations. Nevertheless, they have demonstrated that they can constitute a threat to prison security and public safety (gang buster). In 1986 the United States Department of Justice identified 114 different pri son gangs in the U.S., and with a membership

Monday, December 16, 2019

The Hidden Facts Regarding Long Argumentative Essay Topics Uncovered by an Old Pro

The Hidden Facts Regarding Long Argumentative Essay Topics Uncovered by an Old Pro You don't need to find super technical with legal argumentative essays, but make certain to do your homework on what the present laws about your preferred topic actually say. Therefore, the topic needs to be debatable! Pick the topic you're already knowledgeable about. Whether you cannot decide on topics for argumentative essay, don't understand how to begin, or simply require a good example of a well-structured paper in a particular format, we're always prepared to help! Remember your final grade significantly is contingent on the topic. To compose a strong argumentative essay, students should start by familiarizing themselves with a number of the common, and frequently conflicting, positions on the research topic so they can write an educated paper. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. It is a particular type of academic writing. Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's important to at all times be critically contemplating the world around us. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. But What About Long Argumentative Essay Topics? When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most crucial issue to do is to select a topic and an argument which you can really get behind. The primary goal of topic choice for a proposal essay is to show the idea can be put into place in practice. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good notion to start out with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. When you are requested to opt for a great topic for your argument, start with something you're familiarized with. The above-mentioned topic selection may give you a very clear comprehension of what things to write about. After you choose a topic, you should reply to the query and substantiate your response with three or more motivations as to why you think like that. You may see that the course of action is practically always the exact same. You have to discover good evidence to back up your ideas and examples to illustrate the evidence. Facts, Fiction and Long Argumentative Essay Topics Thanks to the correct selection of presentation style and a thorough understanding of the goals you wish to attain in your essay, there are plenty of categories essay themes may be broken into. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. Leading quality essays provide services in the area of academic write an essay about your life experience throughout the world order top-class services of on-line uk. Discover how to compose a great an d intriguing analysis essay or research paper on a movie known as an attractive mind. There are several steps that you should take so as to write an outstanding essay. When you've got a completed outline, you'll have a step-by-step guide that you are able to follow till you're done writing. In terms of the organization of the last essay, it's advisable to use a 5-paragraph structure. Thus, it's important to read corresponding formatting guide. Remember which you can make funny argumentative essays if you do a few things. There's no need in making a determination, which health problem or phenomena is more urgent right now or what's left in the shadows and should be enlightened at least in your essay. Preferably, it needs to be something that you're an expert in. The issue is that everybody's interpretation of what makes a great society differs. The second thing that you should take care of once you choose the title is to maintain in mind five kinds of argument claims. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a good deal about it. It is preferable to search online since it will save yourself a plenty of time. Second, talk what you shouldn't do instead of what has to be carried out. The Key to Successful Long Argumentative Essay Topics If you need to write your whole essay in 1 day, do your very best to give yourself breaks so you don't burn out. Our crew of professional writers with the essential experience and writing skills is always prepared to fulfill your demands and exceed your expectations. The last write-up ought to be concise with firm language. Yearly driving tests ought to be mandatory for the initial five years after obtaining a license.

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Class family in Bradford Essay Example For Students

Class family in Bradford Essay In 1894 J. B Priestley was born into a middle class family in Bradford. As his grandparents were working class, Priestley had an insight into both social tiers and the strong divide between them. Priestley became bombarded with opinions from a multi-talented philosophical social reformer, George Bernard Shaw. George Bernard Shaw believed an improvement in human nature was long overdue and the quote Its all that the young can do for the old, to shock them and keep them up to date left a permanent impression in Priestleys thoughts that would later influence his writing. Throughout his lifetime Priestley saw many unnecessary disasters such as lower class people dying from the cold, mill explosions and an unemployment epidemic with a lack of government assistance. The liberating suffragette movement combined with the eloquent influence of H. G Wells throughout it allowed Priestley to accept society changing as a possible occurrence. Although, the tragedy of death and destruction caused by the First World War shook society, these mistakes were not only repeated, but also magnified in the Second World War. Witnessing these unnecessary disasters, Priestley began to form strong opinions about the problems in society. In 1945, when the Second World War ended, Priestley wrote An Inspector Calls in Moscow and incorporated the communist views of the Soviet Union with the opinions of H. G Wells and George Bernard Shaw. This produced a moralistic play aimed at reform societys virtues rather then an entertaining play, although the play proved to be popular with its audiences for entertainment purposes. An Inspector Calls integrated the idea that economic value was irrelevant when measuring a persons nobility and every class of person is entitled to a decent standard of living. Priestley set An Inspector Calls in 1912, to convey his message most efficiently as he had experienced preventable capitalist mistakes. He related his play to an extreme disaster involving the whole of society. It was also a time when materialistic beliefs stood strong and allowed Priestley to mock these beliefs. Priestley uses factual evidence of Titanic in An Inspector Calls to prove this opinion wrong. People assumed that a ship of Titanics enormous size and luxury was unsinkable. However, the ornate fittings and obvious wealth on the ship gave a false sense of security and many people died. The audience feels distant from the Birling family at the beginning of the play, as they give an impression of being very self-centred. The family seemed very content and stable together and away from the problems of society. As the inspector reveals the harsh truth about their behaviour towards Eva Smith the family breakdown to show the audience fragile and empty lives, the audience lose respect for the family and begin to pity them. Although, Eric and Sheilas maturity and responsible attitudes gains the audiences admiration. An Inspector Calls operates in real time in a tense discussion about the consequences of the Birlingss selfish actions. The heartless acts do not actually occur in the play but are only spoken about and the audiences are informed through conversation about Eva Smiths suicide and her reasons. As the audience never experience events contributing to her death or her actual death, the author has the opportunity to alter previous events. The dubious information leaves the audience in anticipation. As the action is not witnessed it is easier for the audience to accept Eva Smith symbolising the future. Except for Eric and Mrs Birling the inspector confronts each member of the family in chronological order, to complete the audiences and the characters understanding. The inspector reveals that Mrs Birling rejected Eva Smith from her charity organisation before she knew Eric was the father. This is because with the knowledge that Eric was the father, Mrs Birling would have reacted differently and not shown her hypocrisy. .ubf09c166402b0ed960a6700675727c41 , .ubf09c166402b0ed960a6700675727c41 .postImageUrl , .ubf09c166402b0ed960a6700675727c41 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubf09c166402b0ed960a6700675727c41 , .ubf09c166402b0ed960a6700675727c41:hover , .ubf09c166402b0ed960a6700675727c41:visited , .ubf09c166402b0ed960a6700675727c41:active { border:0!important; } .ubf09c166402b0ed960a6700675727c41 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubf09c166402b0ed960a6700675727c41 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubf09c166402b0ed960a6700675727c41:active , .ubf09c166402b0ed960a6700675727c41:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubf09c166402b0ed960a6700675727c41 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubf09c166402b0ed960a6700675727c41 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubf09c166402b0ed960a6700675727c41 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubf09c166402b0ed960a6700675727c41 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubf09c166402b0ed960a6700675727c41:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubf09c166402b0ed960a6700675727c41 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubf09c166402b0ed960a6700675727c41 .ubf09c166402b0ed960a6700675727c41-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubf09c166402b0ed960a6700675727c41:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Job at Family Dollar EssayThe play is easy to accept because it is in a realistic setting and at the time it was written, many people had similar beliefs to those raised in the play. As the story slowly unwinds, the audience senses an approaching climax that keeps them in suspense. The inspector keeps releasing clues and the mounting tension with each interrogation holds the audiences interest and challenges them to solve the mystery. For example Sheila says to Gerald I expect youve done things youre ashamed of too, which hints that Gerald has a shameful secret. The inspector enters the play dressed in a darkish suit and is described as a man who creates an impression of massiveness, solidity and purposefulness. His strong presence interrupts the excitable atmosphere of Sheila and Geralds engagement celebrations and transforms almost instantly into an aura of tension by his uncomfortable questions, despite the families attempt to avoid the inspectors enquiry. He proceeds to slowly reveal the truth in a logical fashion to influence both the play characters and the audience. The inspector presents many clues, such as insinuating Erics involvement as he protests for Eric not to turn in as you might have to turn out again soon. The order is important as this is designed to both intrigue the audience and to influence the audiences thoughts. Priestly used this as an instrument to convey his notions. The inspector allows the characters to announce their opinions in an arrogant manner, then contradicts them by revealing the truth. The inspector asks who is to blame and Mrs Birling replys blame the young man who was the father but later the inspector reveals Eric is the father. The audience relates to the inspectors questions connected to the current social events of the period. In a similar way to the characters, the audience is allowed to form opinions, which are later demolished. The inspector exits with a final summary of Priestleys righteous notion, We dont live alone. We are members of one body-We are responsible for each other as our lives are intertwined with occurrences of the future and peoples happiness. The effect caused by Birlings selfish beliefs correlate with societys similar views that this would result in disastrous consequences of fire and blood and anguish. The inspector acts as a Greek chorus filling in pieces of information and makes righteous comments as if he is on a higher moral level. One example of Priestleys ideas about social status being unrelated to ones nobility, is communicated through the inspector as he says Sometimes there isnt as much difference as you think. In response to were respectable citizens and not criminals, Priestley did not want too much attention concentrated on who the inspector was, but to the points he made. As a result the inspector spoke concisely with little emotion or information about himself, he would either ask a question She talked about herself. , a comment to show he was listening such as Go on or a judgmental comment such as I was looking at what was left of Eva Smith. A nice promising life there, I thought, and a nasty mess somebodys made of it referring to the Birling family symbolising the destruction cause by someones unnecessary action to instigate a war.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Wall Street Barbarians At The Gate Essays -

Wall Street: Barbarians At The Gate Barbarians at the Gate is a story of the largest takeover in Wall Street history. Ross Johnson turned CEO of a company, which was the product of three merged companies, Standard Brands, RJ Reynolds, and National Biscuit Company (Nabisco). The newly formed companys, called RJR Nabisco, stock began to fall and never recover. Johnson along with Shearson executives planned a leverage buyout (LBO), in which a brokerage firm (Shearson) would borrow money from banks and buy up all the outstanding shares from the stockholders to turn the company private. The problem with this is that the company would be put into jeopardy of other companies that can outbid the parent company, which would lead to a takeover. The higher the bid would lead to a bigger debt and lesser profits for the owners of the firm. One of the six accounting principles that was discussed in the book was the expense principle, which helps determine performance of a company by measuring the outflows and inflows of resources. The matching principle guides the recognition of expenses, so good matching will ultimately lead to a better measure of performance. When KKR exercised due diligence of RJR Reynolds, they could not figure out other uses of cash in the statements obtained. The initial projections they had obtained from RJR Nabisco was a heading other uses of cash. Beside it was a row of figures stretching out ten years, each year ranging from 300 to 500 million dollars. Was it cash flowing in or out? Should he add it? Subtract it? Ignore it? (Barbarians 369). Obviously, KKR was trying to figure out whether RJR Nabisco was a good investment or not. The debt accrued by an LBO needed to be paid off using cash from the company acquired. The difference between expensing the millions of dollars or recognizing it as r evenues would mean a bid of 92 or 96 dollars per share. The expense recognition method here proved to be helpful for KKR to acquire RJR Nabisco. Economics Essays

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Bisman Singh Essays - Doubt, Films, Free Essays, Term Papers

Bisman Singh Essays - Doubt, Films, Free Essays, Term Papers Bisman Singh People who commit sins usually do not stay close to god throughout their lifetime. In the play Doubt by John Patrick Shanley, characters experience doubt because of what they believe. In the play sister Aloysius commented In the Pursuit of wrongdoing, one steps away from god. Of course there is a price which means that by doing things wrong, people have to pay a punishment and they weaken their relationship with god. By developing sinful characteristics, the four main characters step away from god and lose happiness. Mrs. Muller loses happiness and steps away from god as she accepts the inappropriate actions that may be happening between Father Flynn and her son. When sister Aloysius tells Mrs. Muller of what could be happening between Donald and Father Flynn, using the motif of vision, she responds saying, I prefer not to see it that way (46). This shows that Mrs. Muller, similarly to sister James does not want to be involved and does not want to see the wrong things that are happening. She accepts that her son is being molested when she said, Its just till June (50). By using euphemism, she told sister Aloysius Maybe what you dont know maybe is my son is that way (48) to imply that Donald may be homosexual. Mrs. Muller only wants for her son to be happy and get through the school year with support even if he is being molested. She said, This Priest. Puts out a hand to the boy. Does the man have his reasons? Yes. Everybody has their reasons. You have your reasons. But do I ask the man why hes go od to my son? No. I dont care why (49). This characterizes her as a bad mother because she does not care that her son may presumably be getting molested. She believes it is in his nature (48) to be homosexual. Mrs Muller steps away from god and ends up paying the price by having to deal with a homosexual son who has no one on his side. Sister James steps away from god as she resists opening he eyes and is indecisive between supporting Father Flynn and Sister Aloysius. Sister James is portrayed as a parallel character to Mrs. Muller as she does not want to see or be involved in all the change in the Parish. In the film, Sister James is shown to have shut the window, stopping the wind from blowing into the classroom. This is an example of pathetic fallacy, where the wind symbolizes how the actions of people are bringing change to the parish. When sister Aloysius explains her suspicions to sister James, sister James said, I think Im starting to understand you a little. But its so unsettling to look at things and people with suspicion. It feels as if Im less close to god (20). By supporting sister Aloysius in the suspicion that Father Flynn is doing something wrong, sister James feels less close to god. In the meeting with Father Flynn, sister James sugarcoats everything she says, supporting both Father Flynn and Siste r Aloysius. When sister Aloysius asks sister James if she wants sugar, sister James replies by saying Never! Not that there is anything wrong with that (28). Sister James does not want to know the truth about Father Flynn and tells Sister Aloysius, You just do not like him! You dont like that he uses a ballpoint pen. You dont like it that he takes three lumps of sugar in his tea. You dont like it that he likes Frosty the snowman. And youre letting that convince you of something terrible, just terrible! (35). Sister James steps away from god as she is indecisive about who to support and end sup paying a price by seeing the Father Flynn get Kicked out of the parish and sister Aloysius feel doubt about her accusation. Father Flynn steps away from god as he addresses what he sees as the wrongdoing of sister Aloysius or in the fact that he may presumably have sexual relations with Donald Muller. In his sermons Father Flynn uses Diction to imply that maybe he has done something wrong. He said, No one knows ive lost my

Friday, November 22, 2019

The Purpose of Building a Portfolio Assessment

The Purpose of Building a Portfolio Assessment A portfolio assessment is a collection of student works that are associated with standards you are required to learn. This collection of work is often gathered over a long period of time to reflect what you have been taught as well as what you have learned. Each piece in the portfolio is selected because it is an authentic representation of what you have learned and is meant to demonstrate your current knowledge and skills. A portfolio by nature is a storybook capturing a students progression of learning as they move through the year. What Goes Into a Portfolio A portfolio can include classwork, artistic pieces, photographs, and a variety of other media all demonstrating the concepts that you have mastered. Each item that is selected to go in the portfolio is chosen within the parameters of the purpose of the portfolio itself. Many teachers require their students to write a reflection that correlates with each piece in the portfolio. This practice is advantageous for the student as they self-assess their work and may set goals to improve. Finally, the reflection helps reinforce the concept for the student and it provides some clarity for anyone reviewing the portfolio. Ultimately, the most authentic portfolios are built when the teacher and student work collaboratively to decide which pieces should be included to demonstrate mastery of a specific learning objective. The Purpose of Developing a Portfolio A portfolio assessment is often deemed an authentic form of assessment because it includes authentic samples of a students work.  Many advocates of the portfolio assessment argue that this makes it a superior assessment tool because it is demonstrates learning and growth over an extended period of time. They believe it is more indicative of what a students true abilities especially when you compare it to a standardized test that provides a snapshot of what a student can do on a particular day. Ultimately, the teacher guiding the portfolio process helps determine the purpose of the final portfolio. The portfolio may be used to show growth over time, it may be used to promote a students abilities, or it may be used to evaluate a students learning within a specific course. Its purpose may also be a combination of all three areas. The Pros of Using a Portfolio Assessment A portfolio assessment demonstrates learning over the course of time rather than what a student knows a particular day.A portfolio assessment provides an opportunity for a student to reflect on their learning, to self assess, and to formulate a deeper understanding of the concepts they are learning beyond a simple surface explanation.A portfolio assessment requires a great level of individual interaction between the student and teacher wherein they are always collaborating about the requirements and components going into the portfolio.   The Cons of Using a Portfolio Assessment Developing and assessing a portfolio is time-consuming. It takes a lot of effort from both the teacher and the student and is a demanding endeavor in which you can quickly fall behind.Portfolio assessments are very subjective in nature. Even if the teacher utilizes a rubric, the individualized nature of a portfolio makes it difficult to remain objective and stick to the rubric. Two students working on the same learning standard may have two totally different approaches thus learning may not be the same.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The Parthenon in Athens and the Pantheon in Rome Essay

The Parthenon in Athens and the Pantheon in Rome - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that in comparing the Greek and Roman cultures one must first study a brief history of the cultures surrounding the cities in which these magnificent buildings were first built. Athens began as a great limestone rock, a holy or sacred place rising to the Attica plateau. The Acropolis as it is called means in Greek, â€Å"the highest point of the town.† Many ancient cities were built on principles of height as a fortress for protection; however, the Acropolis has special meaning as a sacred place for an emerging Greek dynasty. The great limestone rock measures from the basin to 70 meters and levels out at the top at 300 meters long and 150 meters wide. The top has become very flat due to many landfills over the course of history which allowed construction of its temples and buildings. The Acropolis was a prime location for habitation and worship due to its shallow caves and underground water springs. Its steep slopes were also a great source of protection during an unstable time in history. A deep well dug at the north end of the rock was very useful to the defenders during a long siege. It provided an almost endless underground water supply. The Acropolis functioned also as a residence for royalty, a place to worship for the Goddess of fertility and nature, and her male companion God Erechtheus. The Acropolis hill is sometimes called the â€Å"sacred rock† of Athens and is seen as holding the most important sites of the city and secrets of the ancient Greek culture. This sacred rock is the beginning of some of the architectural masterpieces of Greek history and culture. Relics of offerings made to the Goddess Athena in marble, korai, bronze and clay date back to the Archaic period around 650-480 B.C.). The Parthenon: The Parthenon was built on the site of other cultures that came before them. It was considered a sacred place. The purpose of the Parthenon was to cement the temples of earlier cultures as well as experience and praise the Greek goddess Athena. The name Parthenon refers to the worship of the goddess who is the patroness of the city of Athens. Mythology has it that she was born fully-grown out of the head of her father Zeus. This reverts back to the Greek belief that she represented the greater order of spiritual development with the gifts of intellect and understanding. She is seen as a symbol to the human aspect of wisdom. Two architects, Ictinus and Callicrates, supervised by the sculptor, Phidias, built the Parthenon. Considered a temple, the Parthenon was built according to the Doric order of architecture, the simplest of classical Greek architectural styles. It represented simplicity along with power; built to precise dimensions using mathematical ratios of sacred geometry. The building is rectangular and measured 101.34 feet wide by 228.14 feet long from the top of its base. When new it was constructed of white marble, 46 columns, and tile roofing. It contained a nearly 40 foot tall statue of the goddess Athena. The statue was constructed of wood, gold and ivory. Athens most significant and prosperous time in history was the 5th century BC under the reign of Pericles. During this time the Greeks developed a constitution that gave all citizens the right to participate in the governing of the state. Democracy was the most significant achievement of the early Greeks. Considered the Golden Age of Athens, the Parthenon was built when arts, philosophy and drama were at their highest point. Unfortunately, the Peloponnesian War with Athenians and Sparta ended development. The building has been damaged over past centuries by looters, modern day automobile exhausts, industrial pollution and acid rain.